To which two domains of life do most marine phytoplankton belong? a. Archaea and Eukarya b. Bacteria and Protista c. Eukarya and Bacteria d. Archaea and Bacteria
The correct answer is d. Archaea and Bacteria, as most marine phytoplankton are distributed within these two domains of life.
The Role of Phytoplankton in Marine Ecosystems
Marine phytoplankton are crucial components of marine ecosystems, serving as the primary producers in the ocean food chain. These microscopic organisms contribute significantly to global carbon fixation through the process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Distribution of Marine Phytoplankton
Most marine phytoplankton are classified within the domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms with a simple cell structure, while Archaea, although also prokaryotic, exhibit genetic and biochemical differences from bacteria.
Cyanobacteria: Key Players in Phytoplankton Communities
Within the domain Bacteria, cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are prominent members of marine phytoplankton communities. These photosynthetic bacteria are responsible for a significant portion of primary production in the world's oceans.
Archaeal Phytoplankton: The Euryarchaeota Group
In addition to Bacteria, a smaller fraction of marine phytoplankton belongs to the domain Archaea. Specifically, the Euryarchaeota group includes archaeal phytoplankton such as marine group II (MGII) archaea. These organisms are photosynthetic and are found in various marine environments.
Understanding the distribution and diversity of marine phytoplankton within the domains of Bacteria and Archaea is essential for comprehending their ecological roles and contributions to marine ecosystems.