PCR: Revolutionizing DNA Analysis

Why is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a very common tool since its invention in the 1980s?

A. rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of bacterial cells

B. rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells

C. rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms

D. eliminates need for recombinant organisms

E. reduces the need for DNA fingerprints

Answer:

Rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells.

Since its invention in the 1980s, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become one of the most widely used tools in molecular biology. The reason for its popularity lies in its ability to rapidly replicate DNA sequences using animal cells.

PCR is a molecular technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. It enables scientists to produce millions of copies of a particular DNA segment, which is crucial for various applications such as DNA sequencing, genetic testing, and forensic analysis.

By using short DNA sequences called primers, PCR selectively amplifies the desired region of the genome. This targeted approach is highly efficient and eliminates the need for bulky recombinant organisms or complex DNA fingerprinting techniques.

PCR begins with the isolation of DNA from nucleated cells, such as those found in blood samples. The extracted DNA serves as the template for amplification, which is carried out in a series of thermal cycling reactions. These cycles denature, anneal, and extend the DNA, resulting in exponential amplification of the target sequence.

In conclusion, the versatility and speed of PCR, particularly when using animal cells, have made it an indispensable tool for researchers and clinicians alike. Its impact on various fields of science and medicine cannot be overstated, with new applications and advancements continuing to be discovered.